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Notes for a talk about Somerled and Tiree
Notes titled ‘A Tyrannical and Tiresome Tirade on Tiree by a Tired Retiree’ on the Medieval history and archaeology of Tiree by David Caldwell, casting doubt on the popular view that Tiree (along with Mull and Islay) was ruled by Somerled and his descendents to the exclusion of the dynasty of kings. David Caldwell, retired Keeper of Medieval Department at the National Museum of Scotland, gave a talk on the subject during a visit to Tiree in April 2016.Notes titled ‘A Tyrannical and Tiresome Tirade on Tiree by a Tired Retiree’ on the Medieval history and archaeology of Tiree by David Caldwell, casting doubt on the popular view that Tiree (along with Mull and Islay) was ruled by Somerled and his descendents to the exclusion of the dynasty of kings. David Caldwell, retired Keeper of Medieval Department at the National Museum of Scotland, gave a talk on the subject during a visit to Tiree in April 2016. -
Thesis on Vikings on Tiree and Coll
Rusk, O. (2016) ‘Norse by Northwest: pursuing Scandinavian settlement on Coll and Tiree’ University of Glasgow, Bound dissertation discussing the lack of rigorous archaeological research into Viking-Age settlement in the Inner Hebrides, despite the evidence in place-names and land management.Rusk, O. (2016) ‘Norse by Northwest: pursuing Scandinavian settlement on Coll and Tiree’ University of Glasgow, Bound dissertation discussing the lack of rigorous archaeological research into Viking-Age settlement in the Inner Hebrides, despite the evidence in place-names and land management. -
Reeves 1854
Reeves, W. (1854) The Island of Tiree, Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 2, pp. 282–244.
A review of documentary sources relating to the Early Christian church on Tiree. Reeves also visited Tiree in July 1852 and describes the ecclesiastical remains. There is a brief report on the Coll ecclesiastical sites, although this is second hand.Reeves, W. (1854) The Island of Tiree, Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 2, pp. 282–244.
A review of documentary sources relating to the Early Christian church on Tiree. Reeves also visited Tiree in July 1852 and describes the ecclesiastical remains. There is a brief report on the Coll ecclesiastical sites, although this is second hand. -
Penannular brooch, Balevullin
Dickinson, T. M. (1982) Fowler’s Type G penannular brooches reconsidered [also late Roman ring-brooches]. Medieval Archaeology 26, pp. 41–68.
Image of a penannular brooch from BalevullinDickinson, T. M. (1982) Fowler’s Type G penannular brooches reconsidered [also late Roman ring-brooches]. Medieval Archaeology 26, pp. 41–68.
Image of a penannular brooch from Balevullin -
‘Archaeological collections from sandhill sites in the Isle of Coll’.
Crawford J., et a.l (1997) ‘Archaeological collections from sandhill sites in the Isle of Coll’. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 127, pp. 467–511.Crawford J., et a.l (1997) ‘Archaeological collections from sandhill sites in the Isle of Coll’. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 127, pp. 467–511. -
1913 paper on crannogs, including those on Tiree (Blundell)
Blundell, F (1913) Further Notes on the Artificial Islands in the Highland Area. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 47, pp. 257–302. includes discussion of crannogs on TireeBlundell, F (1913) Further Notes on the Artificial Islands in the Highland Area. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 47, pp. 257–302. includes discussion of crannogs on Tiree -
Brooch and pin found on Tiree in 1872
1. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1870–2, 9, p. 446
‘10 June 1872 Tortoise-shaped brooch of bronze and six-inch bronze pin found on Tiree and donated to Museum of Society of Antiquaries’
2. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1873, volume 10, pp. 554–5 and image on 560
Anderson, J (1873) Notes on the Relics of the Viking Period of the Northmen in Scotland, illustrated by Specimens in the Museum:
‘One of a pair found in the island of Tiree was presented to the Museum in June 1872 by the late Rev Dr Norman MacLeod [1812–1872, a famous Gaelic-speaking minister in Glasgow, who is likely to have known many Tiree people]. Nothing further is known concerning the circumstances of their discovery than that they were found in a grave along with the peculiarly-shaped and massive bronze pin here figured … This brooch measures 41/2 inches in length, 23/4 inches in breadth and 11/2 inches in height. It is double, the under part having a flat rim with a band of lacertine [intertwined] ornamentation in panels. The plain portion of the under shell has been gilt. The upper shell has a raised boss in the centre, pierced with four openings. Two similar bosses are placed at the extremities of the longer and shorter diameters of the oval, and halfway between each pair of these bosses there are spaces for beads or studs, four in number, which have been fastened on by rivets of brass, one of which still remains in situ. From the central boss to the other bosses there are channelled depressions in the metal, in which are laid three rows of a small silver chain formed of two strands of a very fine wire twisted together, and forming a double diamond figure on the oval surface of the brooch. On 15th March 1847 a notice of a similar brooch found in Tiree was read to the Society and the brooch exhibited by Sir John Graham Dalzell [or Dalyell, an Edinburgh advocate with a keen interest in antiquities]. It is described as ‘resembling, to minuteness, several in the Museum’, and as these brooches usually occur in pairs, it was probably found with the one presented by Rev Dr MacLeod.’
3. RCAHMS 1980, no. 236 and plate 3:
‘A pair of ‘tortoise’ brooches and a bronze pin are said to have been found in a grave somewhere on Tiree. One of the brooches and the pin were donated to the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland in 1872 (Accession nos: IL 219 & 220), and what may have been the other brooch was exhibited before the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1847, but it cannot now be traced. No further details of the burial are known’
1. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1870–2, 9, p. 446
‘10 June 1872 Tortoise-shaped brooch of bronze and six-inch bronze pin found on Tiree and donated to Museum of Society of Antiquaries’
2. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1873, volume 10, pp. 554–5 and image on 560
Anderson, J (1873) Notes on the Relics of the Viking Period of the Northmen in Scotland, illustrated by Specimens in the Museum:
‘One of a pair found in the island of Tiree was presented to the Museum in June 1872 by the late Rev Dr Norman MacLeod [1812–1872, a famous Gaelic-speaking minister in Glasgow, who is likely to have known many Tiree people]. Nothing further is known concerning the circumstances of their discovery than that they were found in a grave along with the peculiarly-shaped and massive bronze pin here figured … This brooch measures 41/2 inches in length, 23/4 inches in breadth and 11/2 inches in height. It is double, the under part having a flat rim with a band of lacertine [intertwined] ornamentation in panels. The plain portion of the under shell has been gilt. The upper shell has a raised boss in the centre, pierced with four openings. Two similar bosses are placed at the extremities of the longer and shorter diameters of the oval, and halfway between each pair of these bosses there are spaces for beads or studs, four in number, which have been fastened on by rivets of brass, one of which still remains in situ. From the central boss to the other bosses there are channelled depressions in the metal, in which are laid three rows of a small silver chain formed of two strands of a very fine wire twisted together, and forming a double diamond figure on the oval surface of the brooch. On 15th March 1847 a notice of a similar brooch found in Tiree was read to the Society and the brooch exhibited by Sir John Graham Dalzell [or Dalyell, an Edinburgh advocate with a keen interest in antiquities]. It is described as ‘resembling, to minuteness, several in the Museum’, and as these brooches usually occur in pairs, it was probably found with the one presented by Rev Dr MacLeod.’
3. RCAHMS 1980, no. 236 and plate 3:
‘A pair of ‘tortoise’ brooches and a bronze pin are said to have been found in a grave somewhere on Tiree. One of the brooches and the pin were donated to the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland in 1872 (Accession nos: IL 219 & 220), and what may have been the other brooch was exhibited before the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1847, but it cannot now be traced. No further details of the burial are known’
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Killunaig cemetery
Klllunaig Cemetery (Coll parish)
Medieval chapel site RJ Strachan(CFA)
NM 2214 6170 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken on the site of a proposed southward extension of the cemetery at Killunaig. Within the grounds of the existing cemetery are the remains of a building, tentatively identified as the-site of the late medieval church of St Fynnoga or Findoca of Coll (NMRS no NM 26 SW3). A number of features, including cists and ash spreads, as well as artefacts including pottery, flints, bronze objects and hammer stones have been reported previously from sand dunes to the W of the existing cemetery.
The proposed extension measured approximately 26m E-W by 13m N-S. and was located in an area of stabilised sand. Following an unsuccessful augering survey, four trenches were opened by hand, uncovering an area of approximately 30m . Three trenches were excavated to a depth of 1.2 m. Two of these trenches were then sondaged to 1.5 m at which level the water table was reached. These trenches were then cored to a depth of 2 m. No archaeologically significant horizons or finds were made.
A report has been deposited with the NMRS.
Sponsor: Argyll and Bute District Council.
Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 1995, p. 61
Klllunaig Cemetery (Coll parish)
Medieval chapel site RJ Strachan(CFA)
NM 2214 6170 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken on the site of a proposed southward extension of the cemetery at Killunaig. Within the grounds of the existing cemetery are the remains of a building, tentatively identified as the-site of the late medieval church of St Fynnoga or Findoca of Coll (NMRS no NM 26 SW3). A number of features, including cists and ash spreads, as well as artefacts including pottery, flints, bronze objects and hammer stones have been reported previously from sand dunes to the W of the existing cemetery.
The proposed extension measured approximately 26m E-W by 13m N-S. and was located in an area of stabilised sand. Following an unsuccessful augering survey, four trenches were opened by hand, uncovering an area of approximately 30m . Three trenches were excavated to a depth of 1.2 m. Two of these trenches were then sondaged to 1.5 m at which level the water table was reached. These trenches were then cored to a depth of 2 m. No archaeologically significant horizons or finds were made.
A report has been deposited with the NMRS.
Sponsor: Argyll and Bute District Council.
Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 1995, p. 61 -
Crannogs on Coll: 1995 DES listing, Holley
Crannog Survey (Coll parish)
Ballyhaugh
NM 1744 5845 Oval area with substantial causeway.
Breachacha
NM 1561 5303 Oval mound set in marshy area; post-1903 ‘howking’ [draining].
Dun Anlaimh
NM 18845684 Oval stone-covered mound with three buildings and substantial causeway.
Loch Anlaimh
NM 18855581 Circular mound with substantial causeway. Saddle quern.
Loch Cliad no.1
NM 2072 5878 Circular mound
Loch Cliad no.2
NM 2074 5883 Oval mound with three buildings and causeway.
Loch Cliad no.3
NM 2085 5847 Circular turf-covered mound with slight causeway. Three buildings.
Loch an Duin
NM 2125 5781 Oval mound, two platforms and well-preserved perimeter walling. Causeway.
Loch Fada
NM 2558 6203 Circular mound with no causeway.
Loch na Cloiche
NM 2406 6106 Circular mound, no causeway.
Loch Urbhaig
NM 2310 5778 Natural base with platform.
Sponsors: Univ of Edinburgh Dept of Archaeology, Holley & Assoc
Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 1995, p. 61Crannog Survey (Coll parish)
Ballyhaugh
NM 1744 5845 Oval area with substantial causeway.
Breachacha
NM 1561 5303 Oval mound set in marshy area; post-1903 ‘howking’ [draining].
Dun Anlaimh
NM 18845684 Oval stone-covered mound with three buildings and substantial causeway.
Loch Anlaimh
NM 18855581 Circular mound with substantial causeway. Saddle quern.
Loch Cliad no.1
NM 2072 5878 Circular mound
Loch Cliad no.2
NM 2074 5883 Oval mound with three buildings and causeway.
Loch Cliad no.3
NM 2085 5847 Circular turf-covered mound with slight causeway. Three buildings.
Loch an Duin
NM 2125 5781 Oval mound, two platforms and well-preserved perimeter walling. Causeway.
Loch Fada
NM 2558 6203 Circular mound with no causeway.
Loch na Cloiche
NM 2406 6106 Circular mound, no causeway.
Loch Urbhaig
NM 2310 5778 Natural base with platform.
Sponsors: Univ of Edinburgh Dept of Archaeology, Holley & Assoc
Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 1995, p. 61