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1788 Tiree hoard: Short cross pennies (12th and 13th centuries) found beside Dun Shiadair
1788
Caledonian Mercury, 27 November 1788, p.3
‘Some days ago, there was found, in an earthen pot, in a field on the island of Tyrie, one of the Hebrides, a few ounces of the silver pennies of Henry III of England. That monarch began his reign in the 1216, and reigned fifty-six years and twenty days. The coins here taken notice of, seventy of which, in a gentleman’s possession in Glasgow, are in general in fine conservation; all of them have on the obverse the king’s full face and head crowned; in his right hand a sceptre pointed with pearls cross-wise; in the legend, Henricus Rex. The reverse bears a cross moline voided, which only extends to the edge of the inner circle, (and denotes his first coinage, or before his thirty-second year), between a cross of four pellets in each quarter, with the moneyer’s name, and place where coined; such as, Adam on Norh. Fulre on Oxon. Miles on Winc. Pieres on Lic. Nicole on Eve. R.— on Nicol (probably Lincoln). and Roger of Ronce; for Norwich, Oxford, Winchester, Leicester, and Evesham; what the two last imports we do not affirm. Twenty-six of them have either Abel, Ilger, Rauf, Raulf, Ricard. T. Walter or Willelm. with the abbreviation of on Lu. Lun. Lund, or Lunde. for London. Eighteen have the Epigraph of Joan, Henri, Henry, Samuel, Simon, or Simun, with the contraction of a Can. Cant or Cante. for Canterbury. Others are so imperfectly struck, and some so obliterated by the corroding hand of time, as to put it out of our power to speak of them with any certainty; although the names of Arnaud and Tomas, with other partial inscriptions, are legible upon many of them; but we do not chuse to venture further conjectures. A considerable number of Savon coins were also found on that island, in the month of August 1782.’ (Caledonian Mercury, 27 November 1788, p.3)
There was lately found in an earthen pot, in a field in the Island of Tyrie, one of the Hebrides, a few ounces of the silver pennies of Henry III. of England. That monarch began his reign in the year 1216 and reigned 56 years. The coins here taken notice of, seventy of which are in a gentleman’s possession in Glasgow, are in general in fine preservation; all of them have on the obverse his full face and head crowned, in his right hand a sceptre pointed with pearls crosswise, in the legend Henricus Rex. The reverse bears a cross moline voided, which only extends to the edge of the inner circle (and denotes his first coinage, or before his thirty-second year) between a cross of four pellets in each quarter, with the moneyer’s name, and place where coined: such as Adam on Norh. Fulre on Oxen. Miles on Wine. Pieres on Lie. Nicole on Eve. R- on Nicol (Lincoln[)], and Roger of Ronce, for Norwich, Oxford, Winchester, Leicester, and Evesham; what the two last import we do not affirm. Twenty-six of them have either Abel, Iger, Rauf, Raulf, Ricard, T. Walter or Willelm. with the abbreviations of on Lu. Lun. Lund, or Lunde. for London. Eighteen have the epigraphs of Joan, Henri, Henry, Samuel, Simon or Simun, with the contraction of on Can. Cant. Cante. for Canterbury. Others are so imperfectly struck, and some so obliterated by the corroding hand of time, as to put it out of our power to speak of them with any certainty; although the names of Arnaud and Thomas, with other partial inscriptions, are legible upon many of them.’ (Scots Magazine, 50 (Dec. 1788), p. 617.)
Short Cross Pennies issued first in 1180 in reign of Henry II, and last issued in 1247 during reign of Henry III
1959
Dolley, R. H. M. (1959) ‘A Note on the Chronology of some ‘Short Cross’ finds from the British Isles’ British Numismatic Journal, 29, pp. 297–321.
p. 259
‘[Inventory] No. 358 Tiree c.1247
pp. 318–9: ‘Mrs. J. S. Martin’s recent researches into the Ruding MSS. preserved in the British Museum enable much to be added to Lindsay’s brief mention. On the basis of a transcript of the Reverend Richard Southgate’s almost contemporary listing of a portion of the hoard presented to the British Museum, the date of discovery can be moved back a year, and we now know that both this hoard and the 1782 find of tenth-century pence had been concealed in pottery containers buried between two and three feet of the surface. The find-spots of both hoards are indicated, and that of the Short Cross hoard is given as the immediate vicinity of Dun Hiadin. More important still, Mrs. Martin has been able to identify no fewer than forty coins in the British Museum as being from this hoard, and we can now be reasonably certain that this hoard follows the same general pattern as those from Eccles and Colchester. Once again, too, Lawrence class VIII seems to have been completely absent.
Class Ia Exeter, Iordan
Class Ib Winchester, Gocelm
Class III Canterbury, Ulard
Class IV London, Fulke; Norwich, Iohan
Class Va Canterbury, Hue; London, Ricard; York, Davi
Class Vb Canterbury, Arnaud, Robert, Simon; Ipswich, Alisandre, Iohan; Lincoln Andreu, Hue; London, Beneit; Winchester, Andreu
Class Vc Canterbury, Iohan M; London, Adam, Rauf, Walter
Class VI Bury St Edmunds, Rauf; Canterbury, Hiun, Roger
Class VII Bury St Edmunds, Norman, Simun, Willem; Canterbury, Ioan Fr., Iun, Osmund, Salemun, Tomas, Willem; London, Elis, Giffrei, Ledulf, Nichole, Raulf, Terri
Anomalous ‘Goldvine on Eisi’
Two further coins are listed but cannot now be traced. The moneyers are ‘Reinard’ (= Reinaud) of Canterbury who struck Lawrence classes II, III, and IV, and Walter of Canterbury who struck classes V, VI, and VII. The class VII coins include all three varieties distinguished in Lawrence’s 1914 paper, and it is clear that the hoard was deposited towards the end of the currency of class VIIc—it will be noticed that the six London coins include all four of the class VII’ new’ moneyers whom the Eccles and Colchester hoards suggest to have struck on a quite exceptional scale.
There is, thus, no reason to disassociate the Tiree hoard from the same general grouping as the English finds from Eccles and Colchester, and one cannot help wondering how Andrew would have woven it into his ‘Buried Treasure’ paper had he been aware of its composition. The Inventory dating c. 1247 seems too late, even for a find from outside England, and again a dating c. 1240 seems as much as can be hazarded on the present evidence.’
1964
Dolley, R.H.M (1964) ‘The Date of the Medieval Coin-Hoard from Tom a’ Bhuraich in Aberdeenshire’. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 95, pp. 241–248.
Listing of Tiree coin hoard (Inventory 358) on p. 246
Thompson, J.D.A. (1956) Inventory of British coin hoards, A.D.600-1500 (Royal Numismatic Society.
1993
Manville, H. E. (1993) ‘Additions and Corrections to Thompson’s Inventory and Brown and Dolley’s Coin Hoards’, pp.91–115.
p. 103: ‘No. 358. [reference to Scots magazine of December 1788] Note: A shorter version of this account was printed in GM [Gentleman’s Magazine] 58, Dec. 1788, 1112-3. Footnotes in the Inventory correct some of the attributions: e.g. probably CIC instead of LIC and FOLCE for Fulpe – although the SM text has Fulre.’
Collections:
Currently 21 short cross silver pennies in the British Museum and 1 ingot ascribed to Tiree
No coins National Museum of Scotland ascribed to Tiree
No coins Glasgow Museums Collection ascribed to Tiree -
1782 Tiree hoard: Anglo-Saxon coins found beside Dun Mor a’ Chaolais
1782 cuttings:
‘Extract of as letter from Glasgow. Aug. 29: “A very sweet Morsel for Antiquarians was lately discovered in the Island of Tyrie, one of the Hebrides: It is no less; than ten or twelve Ounces of Saxon Coins, inscribed with the Names of Æthelstan, Edmund, Edred, Edgar, &c. These Saxon Monarchs flourished from the Years 916 to 975. We have seen them and can say they are in excellent Preservation, and about Six-pence intrinsic Value. A few Years ago, a considerable Number of Saxon Coins were found in she Island of Uist”’ (Chester Courant, 10 September 1782, p. 3)
‘ln our paper of August 31, we gave an account of some Saxon coins, which were lately found in the island of Tyrie. As a supplement to that account, a gentleman of Glasgow, who has some of each, informs us, that they were found in an urn, in digging the foundation of an old wall, and that they are the pennies of the Kings Athelstan Eadmynd, Eadred, Eadwic, and Eadgar, with Re or Rex, and other legends ; those of Edgar have sometimes Anglie, or Anglorum, and on the reverse various moneyers names; and almost all of them of different dies or stamps. The intrinsic value of them is about three-pence sterling.’ (Caledonian Mercury, 14 September 1782, p. 3)
Saxon Kings:
Athelstan r. 924–939
Edmund I r. 939–946
Edred r. 946–955
Edwig r. 955–959
Edgar r. 959–975
Edward II The Martyr r. 975–978
1953
Stevenson, R (1953) ‘Notes: (6) A Hoard of Anglo-Saxon Coins found at Iona Abbey.’ Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 85, pp. 170–175.
p. 172: Table of ‘Tenth- to Eleventh-Century Coin Finds in Scotland’
Tiree: Found 1782 Coins [only] [from the reign of] Edmund, Edred, Edwig, Edw. Martyr, Edgar (d. 975) Collection partly in the National Museum.
Ref: ‘Don. Soc. Ant. Scot. 1 Oct. 1782 90 Anglo-Saxon Coins. Lindsay, Coinage of Scotland, 261: “Urn … 15–20 ounces of A.-S. silver pennies”’.
1959
Dolley, R. H. M. (1959) ‘A Note on the Chronology of some ‘Short Cross’ finds from the British Isles’ British Numismatic Journal, 29, pp. 297–321.
pp. 318–9: ‘Mrs. J. S. Martin’s recent researches into the Ruding MSS. preserved in the British Museum enable much to be added to Lindsay’s brief mention. On the basis of a transcript of the Reverend Richard Southgate’s almost contemporary listing of a portion of the hoard presented to the British Museum, the date of discovery can be moved back a year, and we now know that both this hoard and the 1782 find of tenth-century pence had been concealed in pottery containers buried between two and three feet of the surface. The find-spots of both hoards are indicated, and that of the Short Cross hoard (see 1788 hoard) is given as the immediate vicinity of Dun Hiadin.’
RHM Dolley (1959) A Query concerning the 1782 Find of Anglo-Saxon Coins on Tiree. Spinks Num. Circular (Sept 1959). quoted in Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 1958, 10–12.
1966
Stevenson, R. B. K. (1966) Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles. National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland. Part 1 Anglo-Saxon Coins. London: British Academy.
p. viii: ‘A major accession was ninety pennies from Tiree, also in 1782, a hoard thought from other evidence to have run from Eadward the Elder to Eadgar inclusive … [see Appendix II]… So the sixty-three Eadgars to Onlaf in Dr Jamieson’s list must all be from the Tiree hoard … Some thirty have fallen victim to the Antiquaries vicissitudes [i.e. lost]. This makes it impossible to be sure that the original gift of Tiree coins did not include any Æthelstan and of Eadward the Martyr (or recte Elder), both reported by Lindsay and supported by the independent reference to Æthelstan in the Yorkshire Courant’s notice of the discovery. It should be noted, however, that the British Museum’s accessions also begin with Eadmund. The date 1780 given in A-S Coins p. 239 from Ruding’s manuscripts cannot stand against the evidence of 1782. Annotations in Dr Jamieson’s list suggest that eight of the (Tiree) coins were given to Capt. MacDonald of Inchkenneth in exchange for the eight which he gave to the Society.’
p. xi: ‘The other frequently recurring surface feature in the collection is the presence of small spots of green corrosion, generally waxy in appearance. These are noted in the catalogue because they occur most often, and possibly solely, on coins to be identified as (Tiree hoard). Three of a group of four Normandy coins also have these spots. These observations are amply confirmed by the Tiree coins in the British Museum.’
p. xxiii: ‘Tiree (nr. Dun a Chaolais) (1782)
‘Part [of hoard]: 90 coins out of 10–12 oz. or of 15–20 oz [up to 500 coins]; 71 Eadmund–Eadgar to B.M. [British Museum]; included also Eadwerd the Martyr (recte the Elder?) and Æthelstan?; possibly also Normandy.’
Featured 54 coins.
1966
Dolley, R. H. M. (1966) Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles. The Hiberno-Norse Coins in the British Museum. London: British Museum.
Provisional Listing of Viking-Age Coin-Hoards from Great Britain and Ireland c. 795–c. 1105
p. 51: Tiree 1782 120–1,199 coins Anglo-Saxon and Continental with archaeological material Deposited c. 975 AD
1975
Graham-Campbell, J. (1975) ‘The Viking-age silver and gold hoards of Scandinavian character from Scotland’, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. 107, pp. 114–135.
https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_107/107_114_135.pdf
‘The hoard from Tiree (also deposited c.AD 975) is not recorded as having contained any ingots, but the British Museum acquired, in 1807, an ingot ‘found among a parcel of Saxon and other coins in Scotland in the year 1780 upon the estate of the Duke of Argyll’ (Appendix A, note iii). There is little doubt that this is to be identified with the 1782 hoard from Tiree, Argyllshire, for even in the early 19th century Ruding believed that this hoard had been found in 1780 (p. 122)
‘In 1807, the British Museum was presented with an ingot (1807, 3-14, 1) which was, according to the Register, ‘found among a parcel of Saxon and other coins in Scotland in the year 1780 upon the estate of the Duke of Argyll’. The ingot can no longer be identified with certainty, although there is in the Museum an unnumbered ingot which, in the absence of any other unnumbered specimens, may be equated with this find. This hoard is probably to be identified with that of 1782 from Tiree, Argyllshire, for Ruding in the early 19th century thought that this Tiree hoard had been found in 1780 (Stevenson 1966, viii;. Confirmation of this identification is afforded by the fact that the British Museum ingot displays the ‘waxy’ green corrosion which is a characteristic feature of the Tiree coins (ibid, xi). I am most grateful to Dr Graham Ritchie for drawing my attention to this ingot, and to Mrs L Webster and Miss M Archibald for arranging a comparison between the ingot and Tiree coins in the Department of Coins and Medals, British Museum.’ (p. 128)
‘Hoard Tiree deposited c. 975; ingot’ p. 130
2008
Eagles, R. J. (2008) Sarah Sophia Banks and her English Hammered Coins British Numismatic Society, 78, p. 210–15.
p. 209: Table 2: She had 12 Eadgar coins from the 1782 Tiree hoard
p. 210 Tiree hoard (1782)
‘Apart from the twelve coins from the Tiree (Hebrides) hoard (1782), (78) the period from 925 to 1016, as Table 2 shows, is represented by only six coins. The hoard, amounting to several hundred coins, (79) was found on land belonging to the 5th Duke of Argyll whose donation to the British Museum in 1789 included fifty-four coins of Eadgar. (80) In 1807 his brother, Lord Frederick Campbell, gave the twelve coins of Eadgar to Sarah. (81) In 1819 four of these were kept by the British Museum and the remaining eight passed to the Royal Mint. (82)
78 Ruding MS gives the year of discovery as 1780, quoted by Martin 1961, 232.
79 Stevenson 1966, xxiii; Dolley 1959, 159.
80 Martin 1961, 232. SCBI British Museum Anglo-Saxon Coins V lists fifty-two. Another thirty-six coins of Eadgar in the trays of the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland have also been attributed to the hoard (Stevenson, 1966).
81 Sarah’s MS register of acquisitions.
82 See Table 2 above
Refs:
Dolley, R.H.M., 1959. ‘A query concerning the 1782 find of Anglo-Saxon coins on Tiree’, NCirc 67/9, 159.
Martin, J.S., 1961. ‘Some Remarks on Eighteenth-Century Numismatic Manuscripts and Numismatists’, in R.H.M. Dolley (ed.), Anglo-Saxon Coins (London), 227–40.
Stevenson, R.B.K., 1966. SCBI 6. National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland – Edinburgh, I, Anglo-Saxon coins with associated foreign coins (London).
p. 212 Tiree hoard (1787)
‘Sarah acquired eighty-six Short Cross pence, which she took to represent the first coinage of Henry III. Of these, twenty-two from the mints of Canterbury, London and Bury St Edmunds were the gift of Lord Frederick Campbell, who also gave her the coins of Eadgar from the Tiree hoard of 1782, referred to above. The hoard containing these coins was found in the Hebrides in 1787 and weighed ‘several ounces’, three ounces representing about sixty coins.94 According to a note in the British Museum’s copy of Thompson’s Inventory, forty-three coins were acquired by the Museum, suggesting that their and Sarah’s holdings represented the totality of coins discovered. The five coins retained by the British Museum from Sarah’s collection are still identifiable, but both Webster and Hocking catalogued only five of the remaining seventeen coins passed to the Royal Mint Museum. It thus appears that the twelve missing coins were most likely culled by Webster in 1874. The twenty-two coins recorded by Sarah in her manuscript catalogue as emanating from Lord Frederick Campbell are listed in Table 3. The dates on which the Museum and Sarah acquired the coins from Lord Frederick Campbell are not recorded.
94: Thompson 1956, 136
TABLE 3. Sarah’s coins from the Tiree hoard (1787). 22 coins listed on p. 213
1993
Manville, H. E. (1993) ‘Additions and Corrections to Thompson’s Inventory and Brown and Dolley’s Coin Hoards’, pp.91–115.
p. 103: ‘No. 358. [reference to Scots Magazine, SM, of December 1788] Note: A shorter version of this account was printed in GM [Gentleman’s Magazine] 58, Dec. 1788, 1112-3. Footnotes in the Inventory correct some of the attributions: e.g. probably CIC instead of LIC and FOLCE for Fulpe – although the SM text has Fulre.’
Collections:
Currently 21 short cross silver pennies in the British Museum and 1 ingot ascribed to Tiree
No coins National Museum of Scotland ascribed to Tiree
No coins Glasgow Museums Collection ascribed to Tiree -
Tiree hoards
There were two Tiree hoards:
In 1782, a large hoard of coins and an ingot dated c.975 was dug up at Dùn Mòr a’ Chaolais, Caolas
In 1788, a large hoard of coins dated c.1240 was dug up near Dùn Shiadair, West Hynish
In 1789, ‘The Duke of Argyll has presented the British Museum with a curious collection of Saxon, English and Danish coins by the hands of Lord Frederick Campbell’ (Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, 16 July 1789, p. 1) -
Irish halfpenny. William and Mary 1692 – 1694
Coin. ‘Irish halfpenny of William and Mary; One of a group of three coins with this accession number.’ Ireland William and Mary 1692 – 1694. Photo -
Three coins: turner Charles I (1600–49)
‘turner (two pence or tuppence) of Charles I; One of a group of three coins with this accession number.’ Photo -
Silver penny. Early 13th century minted York
Coin. Short cross silver penny, minted York early 13th century, Tiree hoard 1788 -
Silver penny. 1180–2 minted Winchester
Coin. Short cross silver penny, minted Winchester 1180–2, Tiree hoard 1788 -
Silver penny. 1205 minted Winchester
Coin. Short cross silver penny, 1205 minted Winchester, Tiree hoard 1788 -
Silver penny. c.1194–1200 minted Shrewsbury
Coin. Short cross silver penny, minted Shrewsbury c.1194–1200, Tiree hoard 1788 -
Silver penny. c.1200–4 minted Norwich
Coin. Short cross silver penny, minted Norwich c.1200–4, Tiree hoard 1788